RESUMO
Abstract: The presence of parasites in marine fish is a serious problem for the fishing industry in many countries. Some species of parasites can present a risk to consumers. Human health can be compromised by allergic reactions to parasitic antigens (hypersensitivity). The aim of the present study was to report the occurrence of parasite larvae in samples of frozen Alaskan fish fillets. A total of 108 samples of frozen Alaska pollock fish fillet were purchased from commercial establishments in the state of São Paulo - Brazil, from July 2017 to November 2019. The parasite search was carried out using the method dissection under transmitted light (candling table) according to AOAC (2005), method 985.12. Only 18 samples (17%), from four different brands, did not present any parasitic form, the others (90 samples) had at least one parasitic form, with the presence of cestodes of the order Trypanorhyncha (found in 73 samples) and nematodes of the Anisakidae family prevailing (found in 57 samples). It was also observed that more than half of the studied samples (76 samples) presented up to 5 parasitic forms in the kilogram rate. The results demonstrate the need for more data regarding the incidence of parasites in fish and their impact on human health, in order to alert the population and health authorities about its dangers, so that preventive and corrective measures are taken in the inspection process of these products, aiming to reduce any possibility of the occurrence of illnesses.
RESUMO
A esquistossomose causada pela espécie Schistosoma mansoni é uma infecção presente em 19 estados do Brasil, com áreas de diferente endemicidade, constituindo um grave problema de saúde pública. Em áreas endêmicas, os casos são determinados pelo exame parasitológico Kato-Katz, técnica de escolha do Ministério da Saúde. Entretanto, nas áreas de baixa transmissão, o indivíduo acometido usualmente apresenta baixa carga parasitária, fazendo com que o Kato-Katz seja pouco eficiente. Visando a necessidade de diagnósticos mais sensíveis e específicos, para áreas de baixa transmissão, o objetivo deste trabalho foi desenvolver um algoritmo de técnicas para ser aplicado a essas áreas. Para tanto foram analisadas amostras encaminhadas ao Núcleo de Enteroparasitas do Instituto Adolfo Lutz, para imunodiagnóstico da esquistossomose, provenientes de 119 municípios do Estado de São Paulo no período de janeiro de 2012 a dezembro de 2016. No total foram processadas 4194 amostras pela reação de Imunofluorescência indireta para detecção de anticorpos IgM (RIFI-IgM), que neste trabalho serviu como método de triagem, com 776 (18,5%) soros reagentes. Deste total, foram processadas 685 amostras pela Reação Periovular (RPPO), com 137 (20%) resultados...(AU)
Schistosomiasis caused by Schistosoma mansoni is a prevalent infection in 119 municipalities in the São Paulo State, Brazil, with different endemicity areas, being a serious public health problem. In endemic regions, cases are determined by Kato-Katz parasitological examination, a diagnostic technique recommended by the Brazilian's Health Ministry. However, in low-transmission areas, the affected person usually has a low parasitic burden, making Kato-Katz inefficient. Due to the need for more sensitive and specific diagnoses for S. mansoni, the objective of this work was to develop an algorithm of methodologies to be applied in areas of low transmission. For this study, samples from 119 different municipalities of the São Paulo State were sent to the Enteroparasites Department of the Adolfo Lutz Institute for the serological diagnosis of schistosomiasis, which were analyzed from January 2012 to December 2016. RIFI-IgM exams, the method selected for screening in this study, were performed in 4194 samples, with 776 (18.6%) reagent sera. The RPPO reaction was performed in 685 samples, with 137 (20%) positive results, showing patterns of reactions of types R3 and R4, characterized by the formation of globular or tapeworm precipitates, respectively. In an attempt to associate the reactions of the R3 standard with recent infections, RIFI-IgA was performed in all samples with RPPO reagents...(AU)
